Last updated August 2023Edmund Johnston Garwood was another person involved as part of the drive to bring in distinguished outsiders with geographic interests to strengthen the standing of the Association in its early years.
Garwood was born in 1864 in Bridlington, and educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his degree in 1886.
Between 1887 and 1892, he served as director of the Jarrow Chemical Company and as lecturer at the Cambridge University Extension Lecture Syndicate between 1891 and 1898.
Between 1887 and 1892, he served as director of the Jarrow Chemical Company and as lecturer at the Cambridge University Extension Lecture Syndicate between 1891 and 1898.
In 1896, he accompanied the British Exploring Expedition (led by Sir William Conway) to Spitzbergen where he studied glaciological phenomena and geology. For this work, he was awarded the Gill Memorial Fund by the Royal Geographical Society and the Wollaston Fund by the Geological Society of London. This provided his entry into the sphere of geography.
The following year he returned to Spitzbergen. At the end of July, Garwood and the assistant Nielsen ascended Nielsenfjellet to survey the scene inland, later setting off inland up the Kongsvegen glacier. They ascended the glacier to the vicinity of Kongsfjella, then turned back to examine the vicinity of Tre Kroner before finally returning to Kongsfjorden. Conway named the region of this exploration King James Land (now James I Land).
Read their journals from this expedition here. They are beautifully illustrated and well worth reading.
Here's a comment on Garwood's involvement in the party:
In 1899, Garwood accompanied Douglas Freshfield (a previous President of the GA) on an expedition to Kangchenjunga and was responsible for the accounts of the geological structure and physical features of Sikkim.
The following year he returned to Spitzbergen. At the end of July, Garwood and the assistant Nielsen ascended Nielsenfjellet to survey the scene inland, later setting off inland up the Kongsvegen glacier. They ascended the glacier to the vicinity of Kongsfjella, then turned back to examine the vicinity of Tre Kroner before finally returning to Kongsfjorden. Conway named the region of this exploration King James Land (now James I Land).
Read their journals from this expedition here. They are beautifully illustrated and well worth reading.
Here's a comment on Garwood's involvement in the party:
In 1899, Garwood accompanied Douglas Freshfield (a previous President of the GA) on an expedition to Kangchenjunga and was responsible for the accounts of the geological structure and physical features of Sikkim.
In 1901, he was appointed Professor of geology and mineralogy at University College, London, a chair he held until his retirement in 1931. Another link with UCL for GA Presidents.
He produced a series of maps during this time - one of which can be seen here. This is a wonderful piece of cartography from the days before GIS and StoryMaps.
In 1913, Garwood was proposed and seconded into the post (these were the days before a ballot of members was held to decide between those who were proposed and named). This article describes the AGM where this took place, and Garwood's contribution to it, as he took the Chair.
Garwood's Presidential Address was on 'Arctic Glaciers and British Ice Sheets' and can be read on JSTOR by 'Geography' subscribers.
He produced a series of maps during this time - one of which can be seen here. This is a wonderful piece of cartography from the days before GIS and StoryMaps.
In 1913, Garwood was proposed and seconded into the post (these were the days before a ballot of members was held to decide between those who were proposed and named). This article describes the AGM where this took place, and Garwood's contribution to it, as he took the Chair.
Garwood's Presidential Address was on 'Arctic Glaciers and British Ice Sheets' and can be read on JSTOR by 'Geography' subscribers.
Presidential Address: Garwood, Edmund J. “ARCTIC GLACIERS AND BRITISH ICE SHEETS.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 7, no. 2, 1913, pp. 73–89. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40554273.
Between 1930 and 1932, Garwood served as President of the Geological Society of London as well as other posts of responsibility. He published a number of articles in the Society's journals during this period, and also in the period before he took up the post.
He was also succeeded in that post by another former GA President, Thomas Henry Holland.
From 'The Geographical Teacher' 1921
His published work includes:
The first crossing of Spitsbergen by (Sir) Martin Conway, J W Gregory, Aubyn Trevor-Battye and E J Garwood, J M Dent & Co. London (1897) SPRI Library Shelf (32)91(08)[1896 Conway
A northern highway of the Tsar by Aubyn Trevor-Battye, Constable London (1898) SPRI Library Shelf (50)91(08)[1894-95
During the time of Garwood's Presidency, there was another significant change in the development of the Geographical Association. Prior to this, there wasn't the same financial strength, but now it had significant financial assets, which meant that the GA needed Trustees and a Constitution.
The GA President is now a Trustee for the period of their Presidency, but there is a Chair of Trustees, who Chairs the Governing Body meetings.
From 'The Geographical Teacher' 1921
His published work includes:
The first crossing of Spitsbergen by (Sir) Martin Conway, J W Gregory, Aubyn Trevor-Battye and E J Garwood, J M Dent & Co. London (1897) SPRI Library Shelf (32)91(08)[1896 Conway
A northern highway of the Tsar by Aubyn Trevor-Battye, Constable London (1898) SPRI Library Shelf (50)91(08)[1894-95
During the time of Garwood's Presidency, there was another significant change in the development of the Geographical Association. Prior to this, there wasn't the same financial strength, but now it had significant financial assets, which meant that the GA needed Trustees and a Constitution.
The GA President is now a Trustee for the period of their Presidency, but there is a Chair of Trustees, who Chairs the Governing Body meetings.
The GA's Constitution was formally adopted on the 9th of January 1913.
At this time, life membership of the Association could be purchased for £3.50. Quite a bargain.
Garwood died on 12 June 1949 after a long and varied career of which this entry only tells a fraction.
References:
Source:
https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/4888f487-98b6-30e3-aad9-f081d053f20f
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Johnston_Garwood
I edited the Wikipedia entry to add the fact that he was the President of the Geographical Association. I shall do that for each President, as hardly any of their entries mentioned that before I started the blog.
“THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 7, no. 1, 1913, pp. 40–41. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40554231
Some details from Balchin's centenary History of the Association were used in this post.
Presidential Address: Garwood, Edmund J. “ARCTIC GLACIERS AND BRITISH ICE SHEETS.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 7, no. 2, 1913, pp. 73–89. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40554273.
Spitzbergen Journals at SPRI: https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/N13920016
Image copyright details:
Edmund Johnston Garwood
by Walter Stoneman
bromide print, 3 March 1926
NPG x162525
© National Portrait Gallery, London
As with each post, if you know more about E J Garwood, please get in touch. This is a relatively brief entry, and I'd love to know more.
Updated May 2019
1913 was the year when the RGS admitted women as Fellows. This brought an end to what previous GA President, Douglas Freshfield had referred to as 'the lady question' and was the reason why he wanted to start a new Association.
Read more about this in:
Bell, Morag, and Cheryl McEwan. “The Admission of Women Fellows to the Royal Geographical Society, 1892-1914; the Controversy and the Outcome.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 162, no. 3, 1996, pp. 295–312. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3059652.
Bell, Morag, and Cheryl McEwan. “The Admission of Women Fellows to the Royal Geographical Society, 1892-1914; the Controversy and the Outcome.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 162, no. 3, 1996, pp. 295–312. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3059652.
Further research opportunities:
Geological Society of London Archives
Updated May 2020
When he was teaching at UCL, he taught another former GA President: Stanley Henry Beaver.
Updated November 2020
Map Treasures from The Pamir Archive.
— Markus Hauser (@hausibek) April 21, 2020
Extract No 355
1902 Edmund Johnston Garwood 'Notes on a Map of "The Glaciers of Kangchenjunga," with Remarks on Some of the Physical Features of the District': "Sketch Map of the Glaciers of Kangchenjunga"#Himalaya #Glacier #Oldmaps #Maps pic.twitter.com/7OTW4sDIgJ
Updated August 2023
A geology map of NW England by Garwood - follow the search for a few more items.
https://picryl.com/media/geological-map-nw-england-garwood-1912-01-9075a0
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