Showing posts with label E. J Garwood. Show all posts
Showing posts with label E. J Garwood. Show all posts

Wednesday, 18 March 2020

1960: Professor Arthur Austin Miller

Updated October 2023.

A(rthur) Austin Miller was the first GA President of the 1960s - an era of great change for the Association

As with other Presidents in the decades following the Second World War, he had a military background as well as his academic one, and he had served during the First World War, in the Royal Flying Corps (although the war ended when he had just passed his 18th birthday) so he waited for the Second World War to go flying again, when he again saw active service. I wonder how many GA Presidents did that.

He was originally intending to study chemical engineering (similar to David Leslie Linton - the President in 1964), but became a geologist instead initially.
He was inspired to do this partly by lectures from another influential former GA President: E. J. Garwood.

He worked at Reading University, where he was described as a "doyen of geographical climatology."

He was a key contributor to a conference session on the future of geography in schools as long back as 1945, which was chaired by another former President Sidney Wooldridge, showing a long-term connection with the GA. Wooldridge seems to have mentored quite a few people who went on to become GA President.

Miller also served on the GA's council for several years during the 1940s and held several roles, as did many GA Presidents during this time - in fact deep involvement in the GA is a prerequisite for being elected as GA President really.

Miller was also a founding member of the Institute of British Geographers in 1933, joining several other GA Presidents in that respect in their link with this body, which later merged with the RGS to form the current RGS-IBG, and later became President.
This article provides a great deal more information about his role in the IBG.

Stoddart, D. R. “Progress in Geography: The Record of the I. B. G.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, vol. 8, no. 1, 1983, pp. 1–13. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/622270 - source of the image above

Miller's IBG Presidential Address was given in 1948, and was on the dissection and analysis of maps.



He talks about the value of maps to geographers....


I liked the explanation that there were 24 lantern slides used to illustrate this lecture (although they weren't produced in Transactions sadly, although links to places where they had been published were included)

He also described the early days of geographers using the statistician's tools and introducing some numeracy.

Hugh Robert Mill is mentioned here too.




In 1947, he wrote an article for the GA's journal 'Geography' where he talked about the importance of exploring current affairs (an early mention for the idea of 'floating topicality' that Jeff Stanfield has talked about).
Here's a section from the article:

 Geography, Alive and Dead : the Teacher and the Text-book 


Although we pride ourselves that we have left behind the devastating dullness of the old geography it still happens sometimes that pupils, generally the duller and less imaginative among them, lose interest. And whose fault can this be but our own ? 

Often the root cause is too great a reliance on the text-book, which, of necessity, must attempt to reduce a complex scene to simplicity, order and tidiness ; life withers and the sap dries up in the process.
We read an account, in an advanced text-book, of the South Wales coalfield.


Within the few thousand words it can afford it is compelled to compress the geological structure, the types of coal, the output, the valley forms, the resultant settlement pattern, the communications, the industries, the exports and much more. These, of course, are very important, and constitute the minimum of firm knowledge that the pupil should retain. But what sort of a picture does it give of "man's" life in a pit village ?

It tells him nothing of the daily round, the long tramp or ride to the pithead, the sickening drop in the cage, the darkness until the eyes accustom to the dimness underground, the long dirty walk to the coal face, the distant rumble of the tub train approaching, the deafening bombardment of noise at the coal face by pneumatic picks and conveyor belt, the hewer stripped to the waist with the sweat trickling into his eyes and the, black smear of coal dust where he wipes it away with the back of his hand, the crouching in the darkness waiting for the shots to be fired, the anxious counting of the explosions, the danger of roof-falls and explosion of gas, the bravery and self-sacrifice of rescue parties, the tragedy and heroism of men and families in distress or disaster, and, up above, the mean rows of insanitary cottages, the open drains, the long sidings full of waiting trucks, the hiss of steam and the clang of shunting engines, the great wheels spinning as the cage rushes up or down the shaft, the unemployment, the pubs, the clubs, the pithead baths, the dispensaries, the tuberculosis, the silicosis, the black lungs, and skin ingrained with coal dust, the football, the choirs, the dogs, the Sunday afternoons, the fresh air and the sunshine or rain out on the windy hilltops only a mile away, the fouling of nature by "man."

These are the flesh and blood needed to clothe the stark skeleton of the text-book summary and these the teacher can and must supply.
But how ?
Partly by using his own knowledge to amplify and vivify the text with lively description ; partly by giving reading of a wide scope, and partly by appealing through the eye with visual aid.

Those comments all seem reasonable.


Miller's GA Presidential Address was given in 1960, on Climate and the Geomorphic Cycle.



In the GA Annual Report of 1960, he was thanked for his hard work and attention to business. 

Membership had passed 5000 during this time, and was continuing its upward course.

During this year, a former President Lord Nathan had been working on redrafting the constitution of the Association, and worked on some Statutes and Standing Orders. The Governing Body, on which the President now serves explores and updates these documents which underpin the running of the Association.

Miller published several papers, and wrote a book on Climatology, and others on Everyday Meteorology and one called 'The Skin of the Earth'.

In 1945, for example, he contributed to a debate about the future of Geography at the first post-war Annual Conference. This was reported in 'Geography' as shown below:



I came across a copy of A Austin Miller's book on 'Climatology' in an Oxfam bookshop in Norwich.

From his Obituary:



As with many other Presidents of the Geographical Association, there were also connections with the Royal Geographical Society.
Miller was awarded their Murchison Medal for this contributions to geography.

He was also the first Miller to be president, with the current President Gill Miller sharing the surname.

References
GA Annual Report 1960
Obituary
https://www.jstor.org/stable/621417?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Linton, David L. “Obituary: Emeritus Professor A. Austin Miller.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 134, no. 3, 1968, pp. 467–469. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1793043 - obituary by another former GA president.
Volume in his honour (scanned so lots of text errors, but readable - mentions of various other past Presidents early on, and foreword by L. Dudley Stamp - https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.111768/2015.111768.Essays-In-Geography-For-Austin-Miller_djvu.txt )

“GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION. Annual Conference Discussions on the Future for Geography.” Geography, vol. 30, no. 2, 1945, pp. 50–62. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40563427

Miller, A. Austin. “THE GEOGRAPHER AND CURRENT AFFAIRS.” Geography, vol. 32, no. 2, 1947, pp. 77–83. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40546378

Miller, A. Austin. “The Dissection and Analysis of Maps: Presidential Address.” Transactions and Papers (Institute of British Geographers), no. 14, 1948, pp. 1–13. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/621257.

MILLER, A. AUSTIN. “Climate and the Geomorphic Cycle: Address to the Geographical Association.” Geography, vol. 46, no. 3, 1961, pp. 185–197. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40565260

Stoddart, D. R. “Progress in Geography: The Record of the I. B. G.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, vol. 8, no. 1, 1983, pp. 1–13. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/622270 - source of the image above

A copy of his book 'The Skin of the Earth' is shown below.



A fairly brief entry - let me know if you have further information on A Austin Miller.

Image: thanks to Professor Andrew Goudie (another former GA President) for sourcing the top image of Arthur Austin Miller for me, along with some other Presidents - much appreciated.

Update August 2021

Interesting tweet with a family connection added here, with his daughter Lindsey:



Updated October 2023

He was linked with Section E of the British Association - a very important aspect of the development of geography which is a thread running through the careers of quite a few GA Presidents.

In I956 he became President of Section E of the British Association for the Advancement of Science and was a member of the Association's Committee until 1965.

It sounds like he would have been up for a pint...

He co-authored this article from 1930.


An interesting story about a paper of Miller's that got rejected from the journal of Irish Geography: read the full paper here

http://78.137.164.74/~geograph/irishgeography/v37-1/herries.pdf

He had a daughter called Shirley who graduated from New Hall college, Cambridge.

Friday, 3 May 2019

1913: Professor Edmund Johnston Garwood

Last updated August 2023

Edmund Johnston Garwood was another person involved as part of the drive to bring in distinguished outsiders with geographic interests to strengthen the standing of the Association in its early years.

Garwood was born in 1864 in Bridlington, and educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his degree in 1886.

Between 1887 and 1892, he served as director of the Jarrow Chemical Company and as lecturer at the Cambridge University Extension Lecture Syndicate between 1891 and 1898.

In 1896, he accompanied the British Exploring Expedition (led by Sir William Conway) to Spitzbergen where he studied glaciological phenomena and geology. For this work, he was awarded the Gill Memorial Fund by the Royal Geographical Society and the Wollaston Fund by the Geological Society of London. This provided his entry into the sphere of geography.

The following year he returned to Spitzbergen. At the end of July, Garwood and the assistant Nielsen ascended Nielsenfjellet to survey the scene inland, later setting off inland up the Kongsvegen glacier. They ascended the glacier to the vicinity of Kongsfjella, then turned back to examine the vicinity of Tre Kroner before finally returning to Kongsfjorden. Conway named the region of this exploration King James Land (now James I Land).

Read their journals from this expedition here. They are beautifully illustrated and well worth reading.

Here's a comment on Garwood's involvement in the party:



In 1899, Garwood accompanied Douglas Freshfield (a previous President of the GA) on an expedition to Kangchenjunga and was responsible for the accounts of the geological structure and physical features of Sikkim. 

In 1901, he was appointed Professor of geology and mineralogy at University College, London, a chair he held until his retirement in 1931. Another link with UCL for GA Presidents.

He produced a series of maps during this time - one of which can be seen here. This is a wonderful piece of cartography from the days before GIS and StoryMaps.

In 1913, Garwood was proposed and seconded into the post (these were the days before a ballot of members was held to decide between those who were proposed and named). This article describes the AGM where this took place, and Garwood's contribution to it, as he took the Chair.

Garwood's Presidential Address was on 'Arctic Glaciers and British Ice Sheets' and can be read on JSTOR by 'Geography' subscribers.

Presidential Address: Garwood, Edmund J. “ARCTIC GLACIERS AND BRITISH ICE SHEETS.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 7, no. 2, 1913, pp. 73–89. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40554273.

Between 1930 and 1932, Garwood served as President of the Geological Society of London as well as other posts of responsibility. He published a number of articles in the Society's journals during this period, and also in the period before he took up the post. 
He was also succeeded in that post by another former GA President, Thomas Henry Holland.


From 'The Geographical Teacher' 1921

His published work includes:

The first crossing of Spitsbergen by (Sir) Martin Conway, J W Gregory, Aubyn Trevor-Battye and E J Garwood, J M Dent & Co. London (1897) SPRI Library Shelf (32)91(08)[1896 Conway
A northern highway of the Tsar by Aubyn Trevor-Battye, Constable London (1898) SPRI Library Shelf (50)91(08)[1894-95

During the time of Garwood's Presidency, there was another significant change in the development of the Geographical Association. Prior to this, there wasn't the same financial strength, but now it had significant financial assets, which meant that the GA needed Trustees and a Constitution. 

The GA President is now a Trustee for the period of their Presidency, but there is a Chair of Trustees, who Chairs the Governing Body meetings.

The GA's Constitution was formally adopted on the 9th of January 1913.

At this time, life membership of the Association could be purchased for £3.50. Quite a bargain.


Garwood died on 12 June 1949 after a long and varied career of which this entry only tells a fraction.

References:
Source:
https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/4888f487-98b6-30e3-aad9-f081d053f20f

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_Johnston_Garwood

I edited the Wikipedia entry to add the fact that he was the President of the Geographical Association. I shall do that for each President, as hardly any of their entries mentioned that before I started the blog.

“THE ANNUAL MEETING OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 7, no. 1, 1913, pp. 40–41. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40554231
Some details from Balchin's centenary History of the Association were used in this post.

Presidential Address: Garwood, Edmund J. “ARCTIC GLACIERS AND BRITISH ICE SHEETS.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 7, no. 2, 1913, pp. 73–89. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40554273.

Spitzbergen Journals at SPRI: https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/N13920016

Image copyright details:

Edmund Johnston Garwood
by Walter Stoneman
bromide print, 3 March 1926
NPG x162525
© National Portrait Gallery, London

As with each post, if you know more about E J Garwood, please get in touch. This is a relatively brief entry, and I'd love to know more.

Updated May 2019

1913 was the year when the RGS admitted women as Fellows. This brought an end to what previous GA President, Douglas Freshfield had referred to as 'the lady question' and was the reason why he wanted to start a new Association.

Read more about this in:

Bell, Morag, and Cheryl McEwan. “The Admission of Women Fellows to the Royal Geographical Society, 1892-1914; the Controversy and the Outcome.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 162, no. 3, 1996, pp. 295–312. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3059652.


Further research opportunities:
Geological Society of London Archives

Updated May 2020
When he was teaching at UCL, he taught another former GA President: Stanley Henry Beaver.

Updated November 2020


Updated August 2023

A geology map of NW England by Garwood - follow the search for a few more items.

https://picryl.com/media/geological-map-nw-england-garwood-1912-01-9075a0 


Wednesday, 10 April 2019

1897 - 1911: Douglas William Freshfield

Image result for douglas freshfieldUpdated September 2023

In 1897, following a period during which the Association was developing its constitution and statutes, Douglas W Freshfield became the first President of the Geographical Association (GA). 

This followed his resignation from the Royal Geographical Society, apparently partly because the organisation would not admit women Fellows. 
He remained in office until 1911, a period which has not been surpassed since, and will not now be, as the Presidency is a one year post (bracketed by other related responsibilities)

From the chronology written by Peter Jackson for the GA website. (see separate blog post)

Douglas Freshfield was one of the people who attended the first meeting when the Association was formed. He was the first Honorary Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society.

He was born on the 27th of April 1845, and died on 9th of February 1934. 

He was a lawyer, mountaineer and author and also edited the 'Alpine Journal'. 
He was educated at Eton College, and University College, Oxford.

He also wrote a quote that I have used many times in my CPD sessions in the first issue of 'The Geographical Teacher': the first journal that the GA published (of which more to come later in the blog) about the importance of teachers coming together to learn from each other.

This can be read in the image to the right.

This was published in 1901, and was free to members, (but cost one shilling for non-members). This was an important element of the work of the GA, and remains so today.

Douglas Freshfield was heavily involved with the GA from the very early days of the Association.

In 1899,  Freshfield accompanied another future President: E. J. Garwood, on an expedition to Kangchenjunga and explored the geological structure and physical features of Sikkim. Images taken during trips like this helped build the lantern slide library owned and shared by the GA as part of its founding purpose, and which was revisited for the Geographers Gaze project.

In 1900, GA membership opened to all teachers of geography irrespective of age, gender or type of school.

Key lectures were given at this time by H. J. Mackinder on 'Geography as Training for the Mind' and B. B. Dickinson on 'The Use of the Lantern Slide'.

Update
These were referenced by Emily Hayes in her PhD thesis - more on that to come in future blog posts as I discuss the early importance of the lantern slide as a resource for geography teaching and knowledge exchange.

Douglas Freshfield was working as Honorary Secretary to the RGS when he became involved in the founding of the Association. He had made some decisions which were apparently not always welcome by the President at the time: Clements Markham.

On his mountaineering exploits:

He also became the first mountaineer to examine the western face of Kangchenjunga, which rises from the Kanchenjunga Glacier. Freshfield described Siniolchu as "The Most Superb Triumph of Mountain Architecture and The Most Beautiful Snow Mountain in the World".

He made some notable first summits, including in the Caucasus - see later tweet update towards the bottom of the post.


In 1905 he attempted to climb Rwenzori Abruzzi in Uganda but failed due to bad weather. 

However the Freshfield Pass on the mountain was named after him. This makes him one of several GA Presidents who have geographical features named after them. Keep an eye out for them as the blog develops. There are various examples of different features.

Mount Stanley from Freshfield Pass. Photo by Vittorio Sella.

Freshfield Pass and Mount Stanley - Image source and copyright

Rex Walford's book on School Geography (an important source for this blog) reminds us that Freshfield also had concerns that the membership of the RGS (at the time) did not allow women to become Fellows, although the RGS had given them awards and indeed Fellowships, until the full society forced the Council to back down on this issue later on.
Freshfield penned a brief quatrain at the time:

The question, our dissentients bellow
Is can a woman be a Fellow?
That, sirs, will be no question, when
Our Fellows are all Gentlemen!

Freshfield did re-establish his connections with the RGS later in the later part of his period as GA President. He was also awarded the RGS Founder's Medal in 1903.
(Walford, 2001) - pp.68-9

The work that Freshfield led can be followed by visiting the JSTOR archive of the 'Geographical Teacher' journal. He chaired the AGM and other meetings of the Association and these are reported each year, often held in different venues offered free of charge at the time.

At the AGM of 1903, Freshfield reminded those present that:

"The Geographical Association began its corporate existence as a body militant, a body struggling against a national and professional apathy, of which they recognised the dangers".

At the same event, there was a reminder of the ties between the Ordnance Survey and the GA, which have persisted for over a century as well, with Charles Close being a later President.

During this period, there was continued growth in the Association, and branches opened in Sheffield and Huddersfield (1907), Leeds (1911) and other cities - I have visited and spoken at these branches, as well as many others. Efforts continued to develop the position of geography in universities at degree level to allow Honours degrees to develop.

When Freshfield stepped down in 1911, the Presidency became an annual appointment, and efforts were made to bring in distinguished outsiders with geographic interests to strengthen the standing of the Association. This pattern persisted for a few years.

At the 50th Anniversary conference in 1943, T. C. Warrington reflected on Freshfield's contribution to the GA, saying this about him:

Douglas Freshfield, who became leader of the movement in the Royal Geographical Society for the improvement of geographical education, had been a member of its Council since 1878 and Secretary from 1881. By the end of 1893, he had retired from the Council and from the secretaryship in protest against the action of the Society in denying ladies admission as Fellows. From the beginning his interest in the Geographical Association was keen.

In 1898 he became its first President and remained in office till 1911. His interest in the improvement of the teaching of geography was primarily enlisted for public schools and universities, but he was president of this Association when, in 1900, its doors were thrown open to all teachers of geography. Our debt to him for the improvement of the teaching of geography, for his help and guidance and encouragement in the formative years of the Association cannot easily be measured.

In 1911, he gave his Valedictory Address after 14 years as President, where he reflected on his time as President, and the changes in the nature of the discipline.

In this address he returned to the reasons for his original exit from the RGS.

"The reason why some of us wanted to see ladies in the Society was that many ladies are engaged in geographical teaching and often in high posts. The Geographical Association was founded to give those ladies facilities denied them elsewhere."

Freshfield went on to be elected as President of the Royal Geographical Society between 1914-17 - cementing the relationships between the two organisations.

References

Valedictory Address: FRESHFIELD, DOUGLAS W. “VALEDICTORY ADDRESS.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 6, no. 1, 1911, pp. 5–9. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40554086.

This is well worth reading!

An obituary following Freshfield's death in 1934 is linked to here

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Douglas-William-Freshfield - an entry in Encyclopaedia Britannica - not many GA Presidents have one of those.

Some details from Balchin's Centenary history of the Association used in this post.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Freshfield - I edited the Wikipedia entry to add the fact that he was the President of the Geographical Association. I shall do that for each President, as hardly any of their entries mentioned that before I started the blog.

Image: Wikimedia - Creative Commons

ABE Books for 2nd hand copies of books by Freshfield - if I was doing this properly I would try to get books from as many of the Presidents as possible - I still might over the years to come, although I guess they are in the GA archive, and I will try to get access to those during my time as President and perhaps turn this blog into a proper book: https://www.abebooks.co.uk/servlet/SearchResults?sts=t&cm_sp=SearchF-_-home-_-Results&an=Douglas+Freshfield&tn=&kn=&isbn=

At the end of each post, there will be a request for anyone who has further additions to add them as a comment. 

UPDATE (May 2019)

While compiling the entry for John Scott Keltie, I came across some words from Douglas Freshfield following Kelties' Presidential Address in 2014
You can read it here:

Presidential Address: KELTIE, J. SCOTT. “THIRTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHICAL EDUCATION.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 7, no. 4, 1914, pp. 215–227. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40555979.


Freshfield was referenced in Keltie's address, for his work in the early years of the Association, but there was a nice quote in Freshfield's comments, which also referred to the GA's founding and the link with the RGS and their position on female fellows. He thanks Keltie for having "created and maintained the leading Geographical Journal of the World"

There is an interesting quote on fieldwork or "out of door work" as Keltie referred to it. He describes a visit to Japan and France where he had seen teachers taking students outside. He makes the connection with the Boy Scouts, which at that stage was quite a new organisation, having been founded in 1908....

"Give the Boy Scouts a rough map of some very think and difficult wood, with instructions to look for their lunch at a particular spot, and they will develop remarkable skill in map-reading." - I may hide the packed lunches on our next field trip accordingly....

Updated June 2019 - additional links to Emily Hayes PhD thesis

Updated November 2019
Image of his grave from Wikipedia


Plus details on Ugandan mountaineering
https://www.rwenzoriabruzzi.com/highest-peaks-of-the-Rwenzori

For further research:

The Alpine Club has a series of Douglas Freshfield's papers including correspondence and other documents
https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/results/r?_q=douglas+freshfield+alpine+club

The RGS Archives - apparently his writing was "very hard to read" - there are documents here relating to the Everest expedition of the 1920s, so will have to try to access those
https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/b46cabd2-de41-4d6d-9a91-06ca17dde4d9

Search on items
https://rgs.koha-ptfs.co.uk/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=217804&query_desc=kw%2Cwrdl%3A%20douglas%20and%20kw%2Cwrdl%3A%20freshfield

These include some lantern slides from his Ugandan climbs, which were apparently destroyed in February 1951 as they had faded.

Updated November 2020

In 1899 the noted British explorer Douglas Freshfield accompanied by the great Italian photographer Vittorio Sella did a circuit around Kangchenjunga. Freshfield described Siniolchu as “The Most Superb Triumph of Mountain Architecture and The Most Beautiful Snow Mountain in the World” in his book Round Kangchenjunga. Here Siniolchu is seen from the "Rest Camp" on the Zemu Glacier one day short of the Green Lakes Base Camp.

Updated August 2021

A set of Freshfield's journals from the Caucasus expedition sold for £4750 at Sotheby's auction house in London - part of a collection that was being auctioned.

Here's the description of the lot:

Freshfield first climbed Mont Blanc as a schoolboy, made at least twenty first ascents in the 1860s and 1870s, chiefly of lesser known-peaks in the Italian Alps, and was president of the Alpine Club from 1893 to 1895. "In 1868 he explored, together with Charles Tucker, Adolphus Moor, and his lifelong friend François Devouassoud, the central Caucasus, which, except for the lower heights, were then unknown. He made the first ascent of Kazbek (16,546 ft), Elbrus (18,470 ft), and several other peaks, and recorded the existence of large glaciers in the regions between them. After returning to the Caucasus in 1887 and 1889 he published his Exploration of the Caucasus (1896), which was for a time a standard work. In 1899 he visited India, Burma, and Ceylon, and made, with Dr Edmund Johnston Garwood, the circuit of Kanchenjunga through unmapped territory in Sikkim and Nepal, recorded in Round Kanchenjunga (1903) [see lot 532]. Lastly, in 1905, at the age of sixty, he tried, with A. L. Mumm, to ascend Ruwenzori in Uganda, then known as the Mountains of the Moon, but was stopped by bad weather and mud at 12,000 ft." (ODNB).

Updated July 2022

Freshfield in later life supported others.
He was particularly active in mountaineering.

And a local example:


I then found his entry in the series of Biobibliographical Studies. 


A little more about his later life:


A good quote in this final extract from that book as well:


And more on his work at the GA: "a militant body"


Updated August 2023

Some further tweaks and amendments.



I discovered a book about Douglas W Freshfield and have ordered a second hand copy. It says that he was the youngest schoolboy to climb Mt. Blanc in 1863.

From the Alpine Journal obituary (source of the image above) which shows his remarkable career and how highly he was held in regard.

https://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1934_files/AJ46%201934%20166-198%20In%20Memoriam.pdf

He was in Anthony Wolley-Dod's house at Eton. - an interesting character himself.

It is hard to realize that he made a 'first ascent' as far back as 1861. He may be said to have descended from mountaineering stock, for his mother, Mrs. Henry Freshfield, was a mountain wanderer before the Victorian era and the gifted authoress of A Summer Tour in the Grisons and Italian Valleys of the Bernina (1862)

In 1923 the University of Geneva conferred on him the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws. He married, in 1869, Augusta Charlotte, daughter of the Ron. William Ritchie; sh~ died in 1911. He leaves four daughters, his only son dying as a schoolboy. He was a barrister at the Inner Temple and a J.P. 'for Sussex. 

It features a memory from E J Garwood (another former GA President)

https://charlottemasonpoetry.org/the-teaching-of-geography-by-r-a-pennethorne/ - 1956

Some of us remember the first stirring of the dry bones—and how our founder gave the results of her personal walks and investigations of our own country to the world as The Forty-two Shires—of how the London University Lectures on the subject were given in the ‘Eighties’—of how the Schools of Geography were founded, and largely through the inspiration of Dr. Douglas Freshfield, the ‘Geographical Association’ grew out of the Royal Geographical Society, and the path was ready for the mental explorer and discoverer to tread.

Referenced here:

Updated September 2023
The controversy over women fellows at the RGS-IBG and Freshfield's involvement is outlined in this article:


Source:
Bell, Morag, and Cheryl McEwan. “The Admission of Women Fellows to the Royal Geographical Society, 1892-1914; the Controversy and the Outcome.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 162, no. 3, 1996, pp. 295–312. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3059652. Accessed 16 Sept. 2023.

“DOUGLAS WILLIAM FRESHFIELD.” Geography, vol. 19, no. 1, 1934, pp. 60–60. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40558766. Accessed 16 Sept. 2023.

Margaret Mackintosh RIP

Updated post. Sad news at the end of last week from colleagues who have organised the Charney Conference over the years of the passing of Ma...