Showing posts with label Land Use Survey. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Land Use Survey. Show all posts

Wednesday, 31 December 2025

Alice Coleman's Second Land Use Survey - now online

I previously posted about work carried out by Bruce Mitchell to make the maps from the 2nd land use survey available on the National Library of Scotland's website.


The following section of text is taken from the 60th anniversary 'history' of the GA's Thanet Branch, written by Derek Wilson. Available to download from the GA website.

The first Land Utilisation Survey of Britain was a comprehensive survey of land use in Great Britain in the 1930s. This survey was the first such comprehensive survey in Britain since the Domesday Book survey in the 11th Century.
Dudley Stamp, reader and later professor of geography at the London School of Economics instigated the survey. Preliminary experimental work was done in 1929, the survey got going in earnest in 1930 and most of the field work was completed in the field season of 1931.
In the 25 years since the Land Utilisation Survey was carried out in East Kent, many changes, both urban and rural, took place in the intervening period. Two members of the committee of the GA's Thanet branch (Alice Coleman and Ken Maggs) felt an urge to record an up-to-date picture and ambitiously planned a survey of nearly 500 square miles, i.e. the area of East Kent. 

Eleven other members gave their assistance with the project and it was completed in mid 1959. 

Alice Coleman was invited to give a lecture on the results at the Geographical Association’s National Conference in January 1960.

Then began a period of constructive activity. Alice Coleman and Ken Maggs illustrated and the IOTGA published a 32 page handbook. This handbook, which cost 2s 6d (in old money), had to be reprinted 3 times due to demand and orders were received as far afield as Sweden, Ontario and Pakistan.

Alice Coleman's survey employed a much more detailed classification than Stamp's in both urban and rural areas, giving 64 categories grouped into 13 groupings. 

Keen and competent geographers welcomed the project whole-heartedly. There was a reaction in a few quarters that it was almost incredulous that a single Geographical Association could aspire to so much. 

Indeed, the parent Geographical Association declared that it was impossible for such a project to be undertaken by a branch and their first impulse was to take it over themselves. Fortunately, its ultimate decision proved favourable in that it acceded to the request by the IOTGA not to take the survey over and to offer any unofficial help within its power. 

The Royal Geographical Society was most gracious in granting help. Its distinguished platform was offered to Alice Coleman for a lecture in March 1960 and its exhibition gallery was devoted to a display on Land Use for several weeks.

Around 3000 volunteers completed much of the field work covering some 90% of England and Wales. 

Several members of the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association contributed to this national survey. 
They included: Pam Dunford, Clare Lukehurst, Ken Maggs, P Mitchel, Mr and Miss Palin, Janet Pigg and Miss G Brand and Marjorie Woodward covering the areas Fordingbridge, Mitcham and the Isle of Purbeck, Croyden and Edenbridge, Ashford in Kent, Exmoor and Cranbrook respectively.

The Nature Conservancy provided the salaries of two full-time surveyors to map the vegetation in the the remote moorland areas. Funds for preparing maps for the printer were granted by University College, Swansea and the Pantyfedwyn Trust. These totalled £1000. The evolving printing fund, which was so generously opened by Professor Stamp’s gift of £2000 was augmented by Broadstairs, Deal and Ramsgate Councils and by the School which mapped the Princes Risborough Sheet. Secretarial, postage and other expenses were met by Professor Stamp and Alice Coleman, whilst the University College of Wales at Aberystwyth provided secretarial and administrative expenses for the Welsh Regiona Organiser.

Unfortunately, coverage of only around 10% of the country was published at 1:25,000 due to printing problems (only 115 sheets had been completed when the programme was suspended in 1977). 

Nevertheless published sheets included the whole of Greater London and industrial Thames-side, giving a snapshot of London at its peak as a centre of manufacturing. The handing down of tradition demanded the printed word. 

This was one of the principal aims of “Panorama”. It was hoped to record the Isle of Thanet Branch activities of the Geographical Association, particularly the results of research projects and to make them available to build on further in future years.

The actual printing of the first volume was undertaken by the members themselves. A type-setting party was set up to deal with the exacting task. The printing squad included Alice Coleman, Marjorie Woodward, Peggy Hopkins, Mrs Greig, John Lane, Alan Simmons, Michael and John Cuckney, Vera Wiggett, Carol Coatman, A Check, A Neve, Mary Tully, Mary Towes, J Frier, Linda Beecham, Carol Mizon, Kathleen Cunningham and Ken and Mrs Maggs.

During the decade, there were 11 volumes printed; volumes 1 to 4 were edited by Ken Maggs, volumes 5 to 8 by Clare Lukehurst, Volume 9 by John Evans, volume 10 by Alice Coleman and volume 11 jointly by Alice Coleman and Prof WGV Balchin. 

We are looking for copies of Panorama magazines to complete a collection. Some are proving difficult to track down.


Here's the one of Ely, showing the site of my school buildings, which didn't exist at the time, as they started to be added in the 1970s.




If anyone has any copies of the missing 'Panorama' magazine issues, please get in touch.

Saturday, 16 August 2025

Dudley Stamp's "Geographical Agenda'"

I've been reading around the future of geography and came across a piece by Michael Wise in a collection which was edited by Russell King for the GA back in 1985.

He referred to Dudley Stamp's "Geographical Agenda" which was laid out in his Presidential address when he was President of the Institute of British Geographers in 1957 before they joined up with the RGS.

Available on JSTOR.

Sunday, 5 November 2023

Dudley Stamp's maps revisited

Thanks to Steve Brace for the link to a new research project making use of Dudley Stamp's Land Utilisation Survey UK project.

The full piece in 'The Conversation' explores a new project. 


The outcomes are reported in this research paper. (Open Access at the time of posting).



We estimate that roughly 90% of lowland meadow and pasture has been lost. Land was converted either to arable farmland, which saw a 22% increase, or to agriculturally improved grassland, which now occupies 27% of Britain’s land area.

Urbanisation saw the nation’s built area expand from 4% to 5%. And woodland cover doubled from 6% to 12%, largely due to a concerted effort to increase the country’s reserve of timber. For better or worse, the nation’s land use became less mixed and more consolidated.

All of this environmental change is thought to have had a profound effect on biodiversity. According to the recent State of Nature Report, the abundance of UK species has declined by an average of 19% since 1970. Some 1,500 species (or 16% of those analysed) are now threatened with national extinction.

The full piece outlines further changes affecting particular species.

All the maps are available for free download.


Tuesday, 3 October 2023

A Modern Domesday Book: the Land Utilisation Survey of Dudley Stamp

A website section on the LSE website which appeared in June 2023.

It's written by Anna Towlson to go with an exhibition of mapping earlier in the year (which I missed completely). She works at the LSE.

A reminder that Dudley Stamp was GA President in 1950, well after he started work on the survey. He was also a million selling textbook author.

It outlines the background to the survey:

Sir Dudley Stamp’s aim was to undertake a detailed field-by-field survey of England, Wales and Scotland to find out exactly what the surface of the land was being used for. The idea grew out of his work as Chairman of the Regional Studies Committee of the Geographical Association in the late 1920s. British agriculture had been facing a long and severe depression, mainly because of the increase in world food supplies and competition from cheaper producers. Many towns and cities had been growing at a steady rate since the industrial revolution, with low profits and low wages in the countryside speeding the drift of labour from the land.

Stamp envisaged the Survey as acting as, in his phrase, a “modern Domesday Book”. This comparison caused some confusion at the time, in that it led some people to think that the Survey was part of a large tax-gathering exercise. But in many ways it is very apt: it was a comprehensive national survey that was designed to be of contemporary use as an administrative tool, but it also formed a permanent record of the country’s landscape at a particular time, something that is now of enormous historical value.

Stamp envisaged that much of the field work would be done by volunteers, mainly children from local schools and colleges. He also saw the project as a national educational exercise, an opportunity to interest young people in their local environment, to develop their observational and map reading skills, and to give them what Stamp called “a training in citizenship”, with each region playing its part in a nationwide scheme.

Few people had the profile and the force of will of Stamp to pull off such an ambitious project.

In autumn 1930 he contacted the directors of education in counties across the whole of Britain to explain the project and ask them to coordinate work in their areas. He then spent the next year touring the country to talk to head teachers and education committees and taking out parties to demonstrate field work methods. He estimated that in this first year he covered almost 2,000 miles a month, with his wife acting as chauffeur. By mid-1931, the Survey was underway in most counties in England, and by early 1932 in Wales and Scotland also.

Consider these statistics:

Stamp estimated that there were about 20,000 sheets to cover, with each sheet taking two to three days to complete. Field surveying started in October 1930, but most of the work was done between 1931 and 1934. During this period Stamp continued to tour the country extensively, meeting with local officials and offering encouragement to field workers. The Survey also issued regular bulletins to the volunteers to keep them informed on the progress of the project as a whole and to clarify questions or problems with the surveying.

By January 1932 some 400 sheets had been returned, and by January 1934 this had risen to over 15,000. The bulk of the fieldwork was finished by the end of 1935, with a flying squad of surveyors, mainly geography students or former geography students from London University, finishing off remoter areas that local volunteers could not cover. This stage of the project was clearly an enormous undertaking and by the end Stamp estimated that it had involved about a quarter of a million school children, as well as teachers and other adults.


One of the key people in the survey, and much forgotten is Eunice Wilson.

She is pictured in the blog post.

Eunice Biki Wilson, 1984. IMAGELIBRARY/755. LSE.

She started at the LSE as a cartographic assistant on the LUS. It was an interesting post that soon absorbed her talent and imagination and she rapidly developed skills that made her a pioneer of cartographic illustration. As new applications were found for the LUS in the field of land use planning, and as its work intensified, Biki eventually found herself as Chief Cartographer in charge of a new drawing office attached to the Land Use Division of Ministry of Agriculture

The survey results proved their value during and after the Second World War.

NLS has maps of Scotland and elsewhere.

The very last area to be surveyed was part of the Isle of Arran in September 1941, although all other areas were recorded by 1939. The surveys were extensively cross-checked by the team, even including Stamp with his wife as chauffeur: ‘I must have covered thousands of miles myself, often standing up on the front seat of my car with my head through the sunshine roof and a roll of six-inch maps in front of me’ (Stamp, 1948). The maps were also cross-checked with adjacent sheets when reduced to the one-inch scale.

Here's the map that features my village in Norfolk




Sources:

Stamp L.D. (1931). 'The Land Utilization Survey of Britain'. The Geographical Journal, 78, 40-47.

Stamp L.D. (1948, with later editions in 1950 and 1962). The Land of Britain: its use and misuse (Longman, London).

Wednesday, 25 August 2021

IGU - CGE

The IGU (International Geographical Union) will have their 100th conference next year in Paris.

This year's IGU-CGE conference was held last week in Prague.

The keynote speakers and several of the other sessions involved people who I have been privileged to work with over the years on ERASMUS+ funded projects including Michael Solem and the third phase of GeoCapabilities is well represented too.
On the IGU site, there is history of the IGU, which was originally co-written by Norman Graves, former GA President and added to by other people. (Downloadable as PDF or Word document)

He talks about the original seminars organised with the UN, which included Neville Scarfe from the UCL IoE.

In 1950, UNESCO organized their first seminar on the teaching of geography in Montreal. This seminar was chaired by Neville Scarfe (1908-1985), who at that time was Head of the Geography Department at the University of London Institute of Education. The result of this seminar was UNESCO’s A Handbook of Suggestions on the Teaching of Geography (Unesco, 1951) mainly drafted by Neville Scarfe.

Following the book, the next stages of the development drew in L Dudley Stamp. This followed the early UK Land User Survey which has appeared on the blog before.

Neville Scarfe reported his association with L. Dudley Stamp, a British geographer at the London School of Economics. Scarfe, a British geography teacher, became senior lecturer at the London Institute of Education in 1935. He was a professional acquaintance of Stamp’s since the London geographers were, in Scarfe’s words, a friendly and sociable group. Both were members of the Royal Geographical Society, which was a further reason for contact. It is likely that Stamp and Scarfe collaborated during the 1930s and 1940s when Stamp organized the school children of the United Kingdom to map the land use near their schools. Scarfe had a network of many geography teachers and students who participated in the mapping. Stamp and Scarfe both participated in the first post war IGU conference in Lisbon, Portugal in 1949, where geographical education and international cooperation were topics being addressed with considerable interest. It was during the Lisbon Congress that the IGU appointed a Committee on the Teaching of Geography under the chairmanship of Neville Scarfe.

The history also talks about the publication of the 1965 UNESCO New Source Book for Geography Teaching.
It features several chapters by Norman Graves on the teaching of geography which make interesting reading, and also a chapter by Tom W Brown who was a teacher at the King's School, Gloucester on the organisation of the geography classroom.





Sunday, 10 January 2021

1996: It's all happening at Herbertson High

Rex Walford wrote many documents and other articles and resources for the GA.

When I got my British Library reader's card, I needed to try it out and had a browse through Rex's work to see if I could find some unusual items. The title of this document piqued my interest.

I'm not sure of the original source of the document, which is a 4 page 'story' of a fictional Geography department. It was, I believe, an insert into a GA journal to publicise the Land Use Survey and encourage people to participate in it.

One of the department members finds a dusty book of the original Land Use Survey with L Dudley Stamp's name on the cover (see earlier posts) and a discussion begins over whether to get involved in the latest GA initiatives.

1996 saw the last Land Use survey which Rex was involved in coordinating.

It was accompanied by cartoons, which were fun. Some of those are shown below.
There were also fictionalised teachres representing stereotypes of teachers at the time, and they were obviously celebrating Geography Action Week.

Roger Perkins, the bright young NQT
Gillian Bennett the Head of Geography at Herbertson High
Marcia McMurdo
etc.


Sunday, 15 November 2020

2nd Land Use Survey

As part of the blog project, I have been collecting a few books that have piqued my interest along the way, and are of reasonable value and price. There are quite a few that have been outside my price range. This cost £3 and is a bargain.

It's a copy of the handbook that was used for the 2nd Land Use Survey in 1968, and is a First edition (although I'm not sure there was a 2nd edition) of the booklet for teachers to ensure that their entries were accurate. The coding system would probably stand up even now, although there are some land uses which are probably not needed any more, and some others which couldn't be plotted using the existing key from the 1960s: I don't suppose the idea of a solar farm had occurred to people, for example.



The inner pages included a colour code for all the different land uses. It's interesting that Dan Raven Ellison brought this up to date in his 'UK in 100 Seconds' video, and will shortly film his UK National Parks version of the concept.

Tuesday, 10 November 2020

Alice Coleman

Upated February 2023

Alice Coleman
has been a great supporter of the GA throughout her long life and particularly associated with the Isle of Thanet GA Branch.
She is now aged 99 and an Emerita Professor of Geography from King's College, London, according to her Wikipedia entry.  There is also another GA link with King's College.

Alice is particularly noted for directing the 1960s Second Land Use Survey of Britain and for analyses of land use planning and urban design which have influenced the design of residential developments since the 1980s.

The 2nd Land Use Survey of Britain followed on from that led by Dudley Stamp, but was more detailed in its approach.

As I have previously reported from the Thanet Branch Centenary document: (PDF download from this link)

"In late 1955, Alice Coleman, of King’s College London came to the now defunct Medway Towns branch of the Geographical Association to speak about the then unexplored aspects of the Moon. Marjorie Woodward at the time was the Secretary of the branch. Both had been educated at Clarendon House Grammar School (Photo 2 in Appendix A) for Girls and both Marjorie and Alice had their roots in the Isle of Thanet. After a geographical discussion, each promised one another that if ever either of them should return to live there, they would form a branch of the Geographical Association. After the meeting of these 2 ladies, the birth of the Isle of Thanet Geographical Association was quite sudden. A pilot committee was set up in November 1955 where it was decided that the new GA Branch would be open to all who were interested in the post-war developing world. Students would be particularly welcome and take part in the increasingly popular fieldwork with excursions to a wider area and that a magazine would be published."
After many meetings of the committee consisting of Alice Coleman and Marjorie Woodward, George Wooster and Ken Girkin of Chatham House Grammar School, Peggy Hopkins of Clarendon House Grammar School, Ken Maggs, then in the Army, and Alan Kay of Margate, the first meeting of the Branch took place at Charles Dickens School in Broadstairs on 30th January 1956. A classroom had been booked but so many people arrived at the meeting that chairs had to be hastily removed to the Assembly Hall for the meeting to convene. Friends were quickly co-opted as committee members to help with the collection of the subscriptions; 80 signed on as members on that first night. Despite the inclement snowy weather, a triumphant Committee celebrated next day at the “Little Vienna” café on Broadstairs Jetty.

She was President from 1955 onwards and her name is scattered throughout the Branch history for the next 60 years!
She attended the 1993 Centenary weekend of the GA as well. I have looked through the batch of photos that Sheila Jones sent on but can't see her shown there.

I purchased a copy of the 2nd Land Use Survey Handbook, which Alice Coleman wrote along with Ken Maggs from the Thanet Association.

The full story is told in the Thanet Centenary document:

In 1975, Alice Coleman won an award: "Woman in a Man's World", which is an award of its time, but very well deserved - hopefully there was some champagne involved.

Alice is an urban geographer, and I was very interested to see that she was also the subject of an article by one of the urbanists I most admire: Jane Jacobs, and that she actually popularised the idea of defensible space in urban planning in the UK.

What a service to the Association, and a life well lived.

References

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Coleman

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1468-2427.12047 - Jane Jacobs article on defensible space.

“The Geographical Association.” Geography, vol. 60, no. 2, 1975, pp. 146–152. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40568383. Accessed 8 Nov. 2020. - her award mentioned in the Annual report for 1975

Updated section

This will be Alice Coleman's centenary year which will hopefully be marked in some way.

This article from Create Streets talks about her work with Margaret Thatcher to influence housing policy in the 1980s. (PDF download)

There are some images here (licensed) and here (Shutterstock) showing her at work.

Further research articles:

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9sw3c9vf - details on her urban research
Her books can still be located:



Saturday, 11 April 2020

Land Use UK



An example square from the Land Use Survey of, I think the 1960s, although the scale of the map here suggests it may be from the sample used in 1996.

This was carried out in Mike Morrish's Presidential Year in 1995-6.
He told me:
The joint focus of my year was the national Land Use UK survey carried out by schools, in conjunction with the GA's first Geography Action Week. Preparations for these had been going on for the preceding two years. My main memories are of the many meetings that the preparations involved, and the crucial role of Rex Walford in bringing these joint projects to fruition. Of course, the Annual Conference at Southampton University in 1996 was an exciting end to the year, especially delivering my Presidential Lecture (on China).

Monday, 16 March 2020

1960: Land Use survey

Alice Coleman instigated the Land Use Survey of 1960, organised by the Geographical Association. This involved a repeat of the work that had previously been carried out in the 1930s
Alice had previously worked with Stanley Henry Beaver, associated with the Le Play society.

Balchin's Centenary volume outlines the Survey, which was launched at the GA's Annual Conference in January 1960. The survey asked students to categorise Land Use uner 60 categories, rather than the original 8, and worked at a larger scale (the new 1: 25 000 maps) - 120 maps were made from the Survey results apparently, with the aid of grants from LEAs and other organisations.

Details below are taken from a report by the Soddy Trust





Some examples of the maps produced.


References
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c985/347184af1f682d4d87a9d1c17f6b8bc0a1cd.pdf - Soddy Trust report

Isle of Thanet GA Branch involvement: p.9
https://www.geography.org.uk/write/MediaUploads/Get%20involved/GA_IOT_History_booklet.pdf

Tuesday, 19 November 2019

1950: Professor Sir Laurence Dudley Stamp, CBE

Dudley Stamp.jpg
Updated July 2024

Another geographical great was President this year. One whose work is still referenced today, and who was very prolific and started young.

Just two years after H. J. Fleure, we had another geographical 'big hitter'.

Professor (Laurence) Dudley Stamp was one of the leading lights in geography of the 20th Century, and his work is still referenced today, and some of his books are still in print and available to purchase.

He was prolific in his output, and served on a great many committees and supported the work of many different organisations. He was a real globe-trotter in an era when aircraft began to open up the world to those who could afford to use them - or who had their flights paid for.

Stamp held numerous influential posts, and had tremendous energy to publicise the importance of Geography.

He was born in 1898 in Catford, London and died in 1966 in Mexico City. A life very well lived, but which still ended a little prematurely.

He was the youngest of seven children, and his older brother was Josiah Stamp, who was President of the GA in 1936, who has his own post on this blog. He had poor health as a child.

I presume these are the only brothers to have been GA Presidents. I wonder whether that will ever happen again. I don't think my brother will be applying...

Stamp saw active service during the First World War, as had other Presidents in the early part of the 20th Century. This period of the GA's history is well worth further investigation I would say by those who have the appropriate connections.

The first mention of Dudley Stamp that I came across in connection with the GA is from 1924, when he is mentioned in 'The Geographical Teacher' as having started a new GA branch in Burma. 
At the time he was Professor of Geology and Geography at the University of Rangoon. 
This was an early foray into the work overseas carried on now, through the auspices of the International SIG of the GA and others.

Dudley Stamp was also Chief Advisor of Rural Land Use, Ministry of Agricultural between 1942 and 1955. He was appointed Commander, Order of the British Empire (C.B.E.) in 1946. He was Professor of Social Geography between 1948 and 1958 at the London School of Economics (another former President with a strong connection to that institution which was co-founded by a previous GA President)

He was President of the International Geographic Union between 1952 and 1956 
He was member of the Royal Commission on Common Land between 1955 and 1958.
He was appointed a Knight in January 1965, the year before his death, while he was President of the Royal Geographical Society, and later the IBG.

He inspired Bill Mead: another former GA President, who I shall come on to later, and who referred to a lecture that he attended given by Dudley Stamp on the country of Finland, which led to his own lifelong interest in Scandinavia which was a real feature of his own Presidency.

The Land Use Survey that Dudley Stamp initiated was an important aspect of the GA's public facing work during this time, work which continues today. The GA led on several large national projects which will feature on the blog.

For more on this work, it is worth getting hold of the book that recorded the findings.
Data from this survey can also still be accessed by those in Higher or Further Education via Edina. Thanks to Edina for pursuing this for me.
https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/webhelp/environment/data_information/dudleystamp.htm - more details

1930s Land Utilisation Survey of Britain (Dudley Stamp)

You can see the Scottish sheets on the National Library of Scotland Mapping site. They look hand drawn, which is excellent.

G. R. Crone in his chronology of the 20th Century growth of Geography says of the maps that they



Dudley Stamp's rather good Presidential Address was on the theme of "Some neglected aspects of geography".


In it, he explores the foundations of the subject, and the development of exploration.

I liked a definition of exploration that he referred to at the time:

"Exploration at this period [earlier in the century] has been defined as the first discovery of new lands by a white man, preferably an English man, and only really authentic if sponsored by the Royal Geographical Society"

He referenced a previous GA President: Hugh Robert Mill early in the address, along with A. J. Herbertson.
He was concerned with the work of P. W Bryan's work 'Man's adaptation of Nature". He described the focus on 'cultural landscapes' as a 'short-cut', which led to 'facile correlations'.

Stamp provided his own definition of geography as "the study of the earth as the home of man".

He also waded into the idea of research in the classroom.

"How soon dare we introduce into our teaching.... the findings of research workers knowing that there is always the possibility that their results may not be confirmed by later investigations".

He also gave some nice examples of textbooks being out of date. He referred to a book that was still being used in the 1930s in schools which had been published in 1864 and was in its 122nd printing. The book stated "the turnpike roads of England are generally in good repair". The idea of textbooks being up to date is still an issue now.

Here's an image of Stamp from the 1940s
https://www.flickr.com/photos/lselibrary/4113983031/in/photolist-7gBb8U-7gxePV-fjt8aX-fjt8ex-fjt8at


In the 1950s, Stamp said he was still being asked "by biologists, when you geographers are going to make your mind up about continental drift". He wondered about the truth of some aspects of this theory, and in 1931, also mentioned weather fronts (a new idea at the time from Bergeron) as being contentious for a while, but then accepted.
It was interesting hearing him talk about the early plans for commercial flights to the USA.

He also mentions the neglect of the globe as the best way of teaching about the world's continuity.

"It is appropriate that the opening of the new HQ of the Geographical Association at Sheffield should have been marked by the presentation of a globe to adorn the library"

Where is this I wonder?

Stamp wrote a great many books during his long career.

One of his most famous book covers is shown here.
He was one of the founders of the New Naturalists series as well, which has wonderful illustrated covers.

Thanks to Brendan Conway for providing the following additional detail:

Dudley Stamp was also president of the International Geographical Union 1952–56. When the IGU met in London in 1964 he engineered a particularly high profile for the subject with this set of stamps. The themes chosen for the abstract images were curious, to say the least. It is also interesting that he should get a STAMP of course as his contribution.




I managed to get hold of some copies of the stamps via eBay for my own growing Geographical archive. I will bring them along in 2020.

Thanks also to Steve Brace
for also pointing out that L Dudley Stamp appeared on 'Desert Island Discs' - sadly only a brief extract remains of Stamp being interviewed by Roy Plomley.

He may be the only Geographer to have had that privilege.

This was broadcast in 1963, and allowed Stamp to explain his Land Use Survey and the pressures on land and the use of chemicals (in the era of Rachel Carson's 'Silent Spring', and also overfishing of the oceans. Good to see that his Desert Island luxury was wine.

A year earlier he had been honoured by Poland.


Stamp was also a very prolific author of geography books.


His most significant book in terms of influence and market share was 'The World'.
This was the textbook used in many schools during the 1930s, 40s and beyond, and Rex Walford says that
"Stamp is the only geography textbook writer to have sold a million copies of a single book".

So this set me off on a bit of a journey.
I thought that perhaps David Waugh's books must have sold a million, and wanted to see whether this had now changed.
I contacted a few people at Hodder, who were involved in the publication of the Key Geography series and also GAIA. This led to quite a few e-mails going backwards and forwards.
I shall share the results of this research in a future post on the blog.

I also discovered in April 2020 that the Herbertsons sold 1.4 million copies of their books in the early part of the century.


Here's my copy -  the book was in print for over 50 years.

Here's another copy of one of Stamp's books that I own. This one is called 'The Face of Britain" and is a good little read. You will find plenty of Stamp's books still in 2nd hand book shops. This book was published in 1940, and on the title page, Stamp is described as the:
Sir Ernest Cassel Reader in Economic Geography in the University of London (LSE)



There were several notable obituaries, including one published in the journal of the American Geographical Society, and another in the Geographical Journal (written by another former GA President Michael Wise)

Updated March 2020
Balchin's Centenary volume describes how Stamp was attending an International Geographical Union Regional Conference when he died in Mexico City, after 40 years of service to the GA.
He outlines how:
"with a flat in London, a main residence in Bude, Cornwall and a country cottage in British Columbia, Sir Dudley was a "global" geographer.... he once dropped in to a GA Executive meeting at the LSE between changing planes at Heathrow on his way from Stockholm to New York. "

I'd love to find out more about his life and travels. He certainly presaged the sort of travelling which we all became used to before the coronavirus put a halt to that in March 2020.


References

Wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley_Stamp

Source of the main image above - other image of Desert Island Discs copyright BBC.

Stamp, L. Dudley. “SOME NEGLECTED ASPECTS OF GEOGRAPHY. Address to the Geographical Association.” Geography, vol. 36, no. 1, 1951, pp. 1–14. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40563084.

Walford, R. (ed) (1997), Land-Use UK: A Survey for the 21st Century. Sheffield: Geographical Association.

https://digimap.edina.ac.uk/webhelp/environment/data_information/dudleystamp.htm

https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6tb5p4p - Biography with details of Stamp

Crone, G. R. “British Geography in the Twentieth Century.” The Geographical Journal, vol. 130, no. 2, 1964, pp. 197–220. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1794582

Obituary:

George H. T. Kimble. “Obituary: Laurence Dudley Stamp 1898-1966.” Geographical Review, vol. 57, no. 2, 1967, pp. 246–249. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/213163.

If anyone has any further details on Dudley Stamp and his legacy, please get in touch.

Updated December 2019

1961: NATHAN, LORD. “GEOGRAPHY AND THE BUSINESS WORLD TO-DAY.” Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, vol. 109, no. 5059, 1961, pp. 516–526. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41369050. - a nice comment following the piece, which looks at the value of geography to the world of business and for those seeking employment following their graduation....

Updated November 2020
Dudley Stamp Memorial Award was set up in 1967, the year after Stamp's death to support geographers in the early stages of their careers to travel.
It was featured in the latest bulletin (Spring 2021) for RGS Fellows. 
Lily Bradshaw has put together a StoryMap all about the Award. See it here.

Sir Lawrence Dudley Stamp (1898-1966) was an internationally renowned British geographer who championed the study of geography in universities and schools. In recognition of his services to education and science, the British National Committee for Geography established the Dudley Stamp Memorial fund from which the award is given. Sir Dudley Stamp had a strong belief in the value of international research and co-operation, and this ethos continues through the award today.

The Dudley Stamp Memorial Award supports research across the whole spectrum of geography from the intersections between sovereignty, territory, and development in Myanmar to the relationship between fluvial sediment characteristics and floodplain initiation in North America.

Updated August 2021
The RGS-IBG Bulletin for Autumn 2021 has arrived.
Later this year (2021), there is a session on the 22nd of November at the RGS on the Relief Models of Sir L Dudley Stamp.
The description of the session says that the society holds a collection of relief models which represent a part of Stamp's life's work and of "the creative and engaging ways which defined his approach to the teaching of geography throughout the mid-20th century".

There was also an update on this year's funded trips from the Stamp Memorial Fund.

Updated August 2022

An obituary for L Dudley Stamp.


Here's the cover of the Memorial Service which was held at King's College London on the 3rd of November 1966. Located in the GA Archives.


Updated August 2023

From the papers of Frank and Charles Fenner.  Virologists linked with eradication of smallpox.
Referring to serving on the BAAS Section E Committee.

2 to 3 September 1937, Nottingham, BAAS Meeting

Got a note that I was on the Section C (Geology) committee, and I believe I am now on Section E (Geography) committee also. 

Met Dudley Stamp, who had very kindly had me elected a Vice President of Section E (Geography) and asked me to their Section Dinner on Monday evening as their guest. Since I last saw him, he has visited every country in South America, and (at invitation of USA) inspected every state of that country, and (for British Government?) has inspected Nigeria re soil conservation, and who has now been invited to visit and report on the mapping of India and China. 

He is a smart fellow, and an indefatigable traveller. 

But I fancy it’s a fine thing for an ambitious man if he has the good fortune to live in London and has the further good fortune to have so influential an uncle as Sir Josiah. 

We talked of world geography and of Australia’s north and soils, and soil utilization, and culture patterns in England. 

He stresses (as I have lately in these notes) that the land pattern of England is something that has evolved through 2,000 years of struggle between man and nature, roads, rivers, products, traditions, and cannot be lightly set aside by the whim of thoughtless 'town planners' who have never allowed these things to enter their heads. 

And he spoke of opening up the waste lands of the world, and of us in Australia having to give Australia to Indians. 

And I said Cui Bono? If lands are productive, population increases, and the pressure becomes as great as ever. Why should we try to fill up the earth with struggling people. 
Look at Fiji. To whom the good? 
Why indeed should we try to increase the world’s population at all?

Source:

https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p34751/mobile/ch17s13.html

Updated September 2023

A point made following a lecture in 1961 by another GA President: Lord Nathan of Churt:

"I feel that I cannot let this occasion pass without expressing thanks on behalf of the professional geographers for the very able way in which Lord Nathan (who has come to us as it were from outside with a very wide experience) has put before this gathering the crucial problems of the geographer and his position in the world. I stand before you as a Professor of Geography who has never had a lecture in geography, for the simple reason that it was not a subject of Honours standard in our universities at the time when I was at college. So I had to take my training in other subjects, and came into geography because of a very deep conviction that there is an important work to be done in the application of what we now know as geographical principles to world and everyday events. It is a very great joy to me to hear, after these years of struggle, that point of view being vindicated from the lips of one so eloquent and so eminent as our lecturer this evening. I would say this in reply to questions which have been put : geography is, as you have rightly said, Sir, a point of view, a training which I think the late Field Marshal Smuts would have called a 'holistic' training, which enables one to take a view which is the view of the whole, and in that sense we do try to take in all factors which are concerned. 

In a way I was delighted to hear of the five geographers from Cambridge who have taken jobs other than as geographers. I hope they will take the geographical point of view into their respective spheres, which is after all what we want. In the old days a man who got a degree in classics did not therefore get employment as a Greek or Latin scholar. He went into administration and showed us how to run the government, because of his background in a good discipline. We like to think of geography to-day as giving that broad point of view which is a real training in citizen ship. I feel, Sir, that you have put before us very eloquently indeed that real objective. Geography as a discipline in the university to-day fits its students for a very wide range of posts (not necessarily called geographers; probably in most cases."

Source:
NATHAN, LORD. “GEOGRAPHY AND THE BUSINESS WORLD TO-DAY.” Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, vol. 109, no. 5059, 1961, pp. 516–26. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41369050. Accessed 16 Sept. 2023.

See also a recent addition to the LSE blog - all about the Land Utilisation Survey

Also a character reference following his passing. 
From the Journal of Glaciology in 1967

Copyright © International Glaciological Society 1967

This Society has lost one of its original members by the sudden death of Sir Dudley Stamp in Mexico City, at the age of 68, while attending a committee of the World Land Utilization Survey in August last.

A graduate of King’s College in the University of London, as a geographer he had held his Chair at the London School of Economics for many years until he resigned some years ago to devote himself to the wider international field. Like many others, he began as a geologist. Many younger glaciologists will have seen him in action when, as President of the Royal Geographical Society at the time of the 1964 meeting of the International Geographical Congress in London, the duties of representing the host country frequently fell to him.

His lively and genial personality, reinforced by a supreme breadth of knowledge about the world and those who wrote about it, by a formidable energy and capacity for work, zest for travel and an accurate memory, was indeed widely appreciated. 

His accomplishment in developing studies of land utilization, starting from the great survey of Britain that he initiated in the depths of the 1931 depression, was justly honoured.

He was one of the first members to join this Society, and while his travels in his later years more commonly took him to the great cities of the world rather than the silent ice, he retained his sympathy with the aims of a new and developing branch of the earth sciences. It was characteristic of him that his interests should extend well beyond the particular field in which he was active. Many have benefited from his interest and advice and on more than one occasion this Society has been grateful for his influential assistance.

A lovely piece.

He travelled widely with his wife Elsa.

Here's one of the books they co-wrote.

Here's an analysis of his work from a piece in Science Direct.


Lawrence Dudley Stamp was born in London in 1898 and admitted to King's College at the age of 15 to study botany and geology. 

Following graduation he joined the Royal Engineers and served briefly in France during World War I. 

Illustrating his exuberance for the subject and his phenomenal work rate, he gained his doctorate in geology in 1921 while simultaneously taking the London BA in geography. He was then employed as a geologist in Burma (Myanmar). 

While stationed there, he was appointed as the first professor of geography in Rangoon in 1923, where he taught until 1926. 

In Burma, Stamp first specialized in tropical geography. In one of his first books – The Vegetation of Burma from an Ecological Standpoint – he enrolled researchers from of the Indian Forest Service to collect data and adopted a classic chorographic method to describe the country. 

Drawing upon the ecological theories of A. G. Tansely and a model for the systematic classification of natural regions developed by the geographer A. J. Herbertson, his technique examined the causes and the interrelations of phenomena in the landscape, primarily in terms of climate and geology. While he would continue to innovate – he was among the first geographers, for example, to promote the use of aerial photography – this approach to the analysis of land-use and resource management would characterize his career. 

His land-use survey technique and representation first developed in Burma, was later scaled up to encompass Britain in the 1930s, and underwrote his ideas for a world land-use survey sponsored by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) he directed in the 1960s.

A postcolonial reading of Stamp's work in tropical geography can align his interests with the demands of the colonial state. His paper on Burma published in 1933 in The Geographical Review concluded that the country's ‘wasteland’ – which he depicted as unoccupied – was open for further colonization: “Upcountry one is struck by the immense areas of cultivable land which remain waste for want of cultivators” (Stamp, 1933: 87). He could also indulge his reader with a dash of adventure and hint of the exotic: “The Salween still indulges on the quiet in the time honoured practice of head-hunting and their territory has been placed out of bounds to Europeans” (Stamp, 1933: 83). 

Most of Stamp's work, however, was very applied in orientation. This was well reflected in his stewardship of Commercial Geography which he inherited from the economic geographer G. G. Chisholm. This is not so much a book but a database of commodities and the ever expanding resource frontier required by a colonial empire. At this time, it is arguable that Stamp – notably with his work on the ‘colonial soil’ – participated in a school of Western intellectuals who mobilized science in an attempt to guarantee the effective management of imperial sources.

In 1926, Stamp returned to England to take up a post at the London School of Economics (LSE). The LSE positioned him in a metropolitan network that supported a career at home and abroad. 

During this period, Stamp consolidated his activities as a successful author of popular geography textbooks. For example, he collaborated with his wife Elsa Rea to produce an innovative New Age series for junior schools, based around photographs taken during his world travels. 

'The World', first prepared for the school market in India in the mid-1920s, was adapted widely throughout the British Empire and, over 40 years, sold over a million copies, running to some 17 editions. 
His work on school textbooks for both the national and colonial marketplace enhanced his association with the Geographical Association which he used to build support for the first Land Utilisation Survey of Great Britain. 
The idea of a land-use survey of Britain had been an objective of the Royal Geography Society from the late 1880s, when the survey “…was regarded as a project of Imperial importance” (Stamp, 1931: 42). Drawing upon his work in the tropics, Stamp mobilized a chorographical technique to devise six categories of land use for the purpose of the survey: meadow and permanent grass, arable land, heath land, and moor land or rough hill pasture forests and woodland, gardens, and unproductive agricultural land. This survey – which began in 1930 – was a huge undertaking but by framing it in the context of both geographic and civic education, Stamp was able to enrol school children and their teachers to collect primary data on land use, and transfer this data by hand onto 6″ to 1 mile paper maps. 

The results are summarized in The Land of Britain: Its Use and Misuse. H. C. Darby concluded it was the greatest achievement of British geography. The survey success and its immediate value for agricultural and physical planning during World War II and after was Stamp's entrée into public service in Britain.

As questions around physical planning and issues of environment and habitat management have intensified in Britain, Stamp's work on the Land Utilisation Survey remains highly regarded. 

But as one of the stalwarts of regional geography, the paradigm shifts in the 20 following this death – first toward quantification and then to radical geography – have often undermined his reputation among contemporary geographers. 

In 1974, when David Harvey characterized geography's history as a shift from a concern with empire into “…the technics and mechanics of urban, regional and environmental management guided by a principles of benevolence and reformism…” Stamp could well have been his model (Harvey, 1974: 20).

Ron Johnston argued that Stamp's promotion of applied geography defined geographers “…as information gathers and synthesisers who stood outside the political process within which planning goals were formulated and pursued” (Johnston 1979: 30). 

Even one of his warmest observers H. C. Darby conceded that his approach to geography was firmly pragmatic: “…it was said that he had a tidy mind and a passion for facts” (Darby 1983: 20).

These summaries are more problematic than first assumed. In its various forms, versions of ‘applied geography’ had always been central to the activities of the state. They came into their ascendancy in post-war Britain, when the increased state intervention in the economy and environment presented geographers with innumerable opportunities to identify practical applications for geographical techniques and expertise. 

In this context, Stamp saw applied geography as the application of geography for the public good. Any claim that Stamp saw geographers as ‘outside’ the political process cannot be sustained. 

Stamp was part of a group of intellectuals in the 1930s that included Max Nicholson, Vaughan Cornish, and Julian Huxley who foresaw the role science would play in the planning and reconstruction of Britain. 

Geography for Stamp was a matter for action and intervention. 

During World War II, he served as vice chairperson of the Scott Committee, which set out the framework for the establishment of the town and country planning policy. He was also employed as Chief Adviser in Rural Land Utilisation at the Ministry of Agriculture. In the post-war period Stamp served a member or chairperson of four major official committees – Land Use in Rural Areas, Nature Conservancy, Common Land, and National Resources. 

Undoubtedly he played a key role in shaping the post-war spatial settlement in Britain. 

It is also clear in this period that he revised his perspective on the Global South. His work in tropical geography turned from a concern with colonial interests to issues related to the ‘developing world’. His collaboration with the International Geographical Union (IGU) and UNESCO in particular presented him with new challenges and in their own way are reflected in clear pleas for global responsibility in Geographies of Life and Death and criticism of neocolonialism in his book The Developing World.

Toward the end of his life, Stamp reacted strongly against quantification which he saw a major challenge to applied and regional geography. 

As president of the Institute of British Geographers (IBG), he controversially compared Peter Haggett to a theosophist and concluded that “Quantification has many points in common with Communism: it has become a religion to its devotees, its golden calf is the computer” (Stamp 1965: 18). 

Rather than this path, he argued for public engagement over academic specialization. He also saw geography as a holistic discipline, the unification of the physical and human worlds. 

Despite the growing challenge then emerging from spatial science, Stamp's profile as Britain's foremost public geographer was assured. 

In 1965 he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. This honor extended to an invitation on to the British Broadcasting Corporation's (BBC) flagship radio program ‘Desert Island Discs’ where guests are asked to imagine which music and texts they would take with them as if cast away on a tropical island. As he had done with audiences all his life, Stamp charmed the public with a discussion on his work with the world land-use survey, the demographic pressure on land resources, the use and abuse of toxic chemicals in intensive farming, the possibilities of land reclamation, and marveled at the possible future cultivation of the sea's harvests. 

The radio show confirmed his vivid interests in environmental issues and his wide geographical imagination. It seems that throughout his life Stamp epitomized the motto of his old regiment, the Royal Engineers – Ubique (everywhere).

In spite of the turn toward continental social theory in Anglo-American geography, Stamp's contribution to geography remains more central to the discipline than often realized. Stamp exemplified a philosophy about geographical knowledge which located it at the interface of pubic service, education, and civic responsibility. He understood the central role that geography played in the organization of social, environmental, and economic life and was able to articulate those ideas to broad and mixed constituency: school children, the general public, and policymakers. 

He helped create a geographical discourse which continues to frame many debates about the role of the discipline, particularly those concerning the application of geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing, and land-use studies to matters of public policy.

Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/land-utilization

Updated October 2023

He was the son of Charles Stamp and Clara Jane Evans. He married Else Clara Rea, daughter of Arthur Unett Rea, on 5 May 1923


He was member of the Royal Commission on Common Land between 1955 and 1958. Another possible avenue for research.


Some probate information.

Geologist and Geographer
1925 Geologist (sailing from China to USA)
1925 Geologist (sailing from Hong Kong to Vancouver
1931 Professor (sailing from UK to Jamaica)
1931 Professor (sailing from Columbia to UK)
1933 Professor (sailing from UK to USA)
1934 Professor (sailing from Trinidad to USA)
1936 Professor (sailing from UK to Spain)
1939 University Reader & Doctor of Science - Company Director (Foodstuffs & Publisher)
1942 University Reader (probate of mother)
1947 Professor (arrival in Alaska, USA)
1949 (not readable) sailing from UK to Canada)
1951 Professor (sailing from Canada to England)
1952 Professor (sailing from USA to England)
1954 Professor (sailing from UK to India)
1956 Professor (sailing from USA to England)
1957 Professor (sailing from Fiji to Honolulu)
1959 Professor (sailing from USA to England)

Plenty of travelling...

Stamp is buried in Bude, Cornwall.


Updated July 2024

A mention for Stamp in an article published in the Journal of Historical Geography. 



For British geographer L. Dudley Stamp, by the early 1960s geography had established itself as an academic discipline because it had taken ‘its place among the older disciplines of science, the social sciences and the liberal arts in every university of Britain’.14 Still, its quest for institutional recognition pivoted upon its applications more so than its theories. In a paper published in the journal Nature in 1960, and with reference to Stamp's Land Utilisation Survey of Britain (1930s–1940s) and 1960 book Applied Geography, as well as the Polish Academy of Sciences' Institute of Geography's Anglo-Polish (1959, 1962 and 1967) and Polish-American (1964) seminars on Problems in Applied Geography, Robert Steel sought to raise awareness within the wider scientific community of geography's applied credentials:

The application of geography to the study of a wide range of problems has made remarkable progress in recent years, partly during, and partly because of, the Second World War. Geography made a substantial contribution to the British War effort both in the planning of campaigns and in the reorganization of the nation's economy, and since the War geographers have been active in the field of planning.15

Ref: Robert W. Steel, ‘Applied Geography’ Nature 192 (1961) 715–717 (p. 715).

And heree's some information on his sister: an illustrator.


Updated July 2024

I came across reference to a memorial volume, which proved to be very valuable.

It has pieces on Stamp from two former GA Presidents: Robert Ogilvie Buchanan and Michael Wise.

It can be read on the Internet Archive. 


The first of several blog posts on this source can be read here.

I recommend you pay a visit.

Margaret Mackintosh RIP

Updated post. Sad news at the end of last week from colleagues who have organised the Charney Conference over the years of the passing of Ma...