Showing posts with label Archaeology. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Archaeology. Show all posts

Saturday, 13 December 2025

Geography and the Creation

There's an interesting 'dilemma' for some teachers who have a religious belief, when teaching about the origins of the Earth and the way it has been shaped since.  The Bible is quite clear on how the Earth was created. All faiths have some sort of creation story.

I was interested to come across this piece about an interview with Sarah Buckland.

An early GA President was very much connected with theology.

Sir William Mitchell Ramsay (1851–1939), was a skeptical Scottish archaeologist and Geographical Association president in 1918.

After reading the geographical locations of Paul’s travels (named in Acts), Ramsay tried using them to disprove the Bible’s accuracy. 

With extensive excavations in the Middle East, he tested the existence of variously mentioned New Testament places. But every single detail was so accurate when Ramsay retraced Paul’s journeys that he became a little more convinced in the stories being told.



Ramsay’s fieldwork took him to various locations such as Galatia, Phrygia, and Lycaonia (regions frequently referenced by the Apostle Paul). He meticulously followed ancient roads, recorded inscriptions, and studied the ruins of cities mentioned in the New Testament. His expeditions resulted in critical site identifications and discoveries, including:

• Confirmation of ancient city locations (e.g., Antioch in Pisidia) that aligned with Luke’s geographical references (Acts 13:14).

• Findings of inscriptions that supported political and cultural details recorded in the Book of Acts (e.g., local governance structures, official titles, and the presence of synagogues).

These archaeological contributions provided robust contextual evidence that lent credibility to the historical details in Scripture, causing Ramsay to describe Luke as a historian “of the first rank.”

Major Publications and Impact on Biblical Studies

Among Ramsay’s notable works are “St. Paul the Traveller and the Roman Citizen” (1895) and “The Church in the Roman Empire” (1893). In these volumes, he presented detailed arguments for the historical trustworthiness of biblical records, particularly regarding the missionary journeys of Paul. Drawing on inscriptions, architectural remains, and ancient documents, he provided corroborating data that supported the reliability of the narrative found in Acts.

His findings have been frequently cited as evidence that Luke was intimately acquainted with the political and cultural realities of the Roman world. Scholars across various theological traditions have referenced Ramsay’s work to fortify claims that the New Testament is grounded in legitimate historical events rather than merely religious speculation.

Thursday, 25 July 2019

1925: Professor John Nowell Linton Myres OBE FBA (later Sir)

Last updated August 2023

Professor John Linton Myres was an archaeologist and historical geographer, and was linked to the University of Oxford, as were many GA Presidents during the early decades of the 20th Century.

Several other presidents have also had a strong connection with both Archaeology and Historical geography.

Myres was connected with the Pitt-Rivers Museum in Oxford, one of my favourite museums for its eclectic mix of artefacts all over the world, and the overwhelming view you get when you first walk in. 

This is a wonderful place for a geographer to lose themselves.

In 1926, Myres was also President of the Folklore Society.

From one description of him:

Myres will perhaps be best known to posterity for his many contributions to the history of the ancient Greeks, their origins, distribution and culture. But the keynote of all his studies and writings was his broad outlook and versatility, his grasp of studies other than his own speciality, and his power to fit in all the many elements that make up a finished picture. ... Myres brought his knowledge of many subjects, both in the arts and sciences, to bear on his main problem -- the Greeks, ... and he was always seeking from others some item he might have overlooked, it was this sense that he might have missed some factor that kept him always so free of dogmatism and finality. [K.M., 1954: 541]

He had been involved with the Association for some time before becoming a President, and was involved with it for some time afterwards.
In 1920, he sent a number of lantern slides to the Association for their collection, which was growing rapidly at this time.

In 1925, he also featured in 'The Geographical Teacher' talking about 'Wayside Geography'. This is described as a 'broadcast address' as it was played on the BBC - I wonder if a copy exists anywhere. 
He says in this piece:

"like any other science.... geography is simply a convenient name for a particular way of observing what goes on in [the] world"

He also finds opportunity in the every day:


In 1926, a longer version of this piece appeared in 'The Geographical Teacher', developing his ideas further, and worth a read if you have a subscription to 'Geography' and can access the archive via JSTOR.

In this expanded version, he mentions more examples of geography's power to describe and explain the world.

His Presidential Address was on the theme of Ethnology.



In 1926, he was thanked for a gift to the Association of over 700 slides, with notes.
“EDITORIAL.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 13, no. 2, 1925, pp. 87–89. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40554985.

He was knighted in 1943.


Image credit:
Sir John Linton Myres
by Walter Stoneman
bromide print, 1923
NPG x162242© National Portrait Gallery, London

National Dictionary of Biography entry reads...

He founded no school. In his lifetime he saw classical archaeology grow from a dilettante study to a discipline which has much to contribute to all departments of classical scholarship. 
His part in this development was to show how historian, archaeologist, anthropologist, and geographer should combine their skills in the study of antiquity.

His obituary, written by H. J. Fleure, was published in 'Geography' in 1954, and outlined his contributions to the subject in a long and varied career.


References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Myres

I have edited this entry to add the fact that Myres was the President of the GA, as I have done with each President as I have come to them.

http://england.prm.ox.ac.uk/englishness-John-Linton-Myres.html - Pitt Rivers Museum connections
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/myres-john-linton
Myres, J. Linton. “Geography and the Classics.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 10, no. 5, 1920, pp. 236–238. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40555132.

Myres, John L. 1925 'Presidential Address: The methods of magic and science' Folklore, Vol. 36, No. 1 (Mar. 31, 1925), pp. 15-47

Myres, John L. 1926 'Presidential Address: Folkmemory' Folklore, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Mar. 31, 1926), pp. 12-34

Myres, J. L. “WAYSIDE GEOGRAPHY.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 13, no. 1, 1925, pp. 65–66. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40556448.

Myres, J. L. “WAYSIDE GEOGRAPHY.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 13, no. 4, 1926, pp. 285–295. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40556130.

Myres, John L. “A GEOGRAPHICAL VIEW OF THE HISTORICAL METHOD IN ETHNOLOGY.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 13, no. 1, 1925, pp. 9–29. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40556436

Fleure, H. J. “OBITUARY: Sir John Linton Myres.” Geography, vol. 39, no. 2, 1954, pp. 128–128. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40564578

If you know anything about him, please get in touch.

Here's a picture of mine of part of the Pitt Rivers Museum.


'The Pitt Rivers is packed beautifully, and practically to the ceiling with the most wonderful array of ethnographic objects, all soothingly lit and artistically arranged.'
Bill Bryson, The Road to Little Dribbling



Image: Alan Parkinson, shared under CC license.

Update - late July 2019

Myres' continuing support of the Association was mentioned in the 1928 Annual Report.

It is described as "long continued, intimate and unsparing help... especially valuable in some past times of some difficulty"
In 1928, he was elected as the President of the Royal Anthropological Institute and the Presidency of Section E. (Geography) of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.

Fleure, H. J. “ANNUAL REPORT.” Geography, vol. 14, no. 4, 1928, pp. 338–341. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40558279

Update - early August 2019

Found a reference to his work and photography in this blog. It also said that he had a brother with an almost identical name, but doesn't say what that was. From the Oxford Archaeology blog.
Myres is shown here in his white hat that he apparently wore, in a lantern slide, which is relevant of course...

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A nice piece by Alice Jaspars.

Image from Facebook of Myres wearing his white hat...


Update October 2019
Visited the museum as part of a visit which also involved meeting the Halford Mackinder Professor of Geography: Danny Dorling.


It remains an astonishing mix of objects, artefacts and scholarship.
Some of them were donated by Linton Myres

Myres' English collections given to the Pitt Rivers Museum
Myres' donation of English objects were few:
1934.37.1-3 3 Percussion Tower muskets, dated 1856, 1858 and 1862. ENGLISH.
1942.1.422-3 2 tallies, records of vegetables planted delivered by donor’s gardeners, Richard Smith, at the Copse, Hinksey Hill. V. File.

In the museum files there is a letter from John Linton Myres to Henry Balfour dated 27 August, 1935:

 'The enclosed records were made about five years ago by my gardener at the Copse-Hinksey Hill, for vegetables delivered to the kitchen. His name is Richard Smith; he was about 75 years of age then; practically illiterate, though he recognized & distinguished unfailingly any packets of seed with printed labels that I gave him. He was very shy about these lists, and usually destroyed them; but these two we secured. They were always in this long tally-like form. The different arrangements of dots stood for different vegetables, but we only ascertained the meaning of a few (marked in ink) by comparing with the supplies received on each occasion. I see that I have put a note, at the time of collection, on the back of them.'
 
1946.10.55 Box containing experimental flakes of glass to illustrate the flaking-angle of 'eoliths' - made by Walter Charles Brice in 1941
 
[Bequest after his death] 1959.4.4-9 A set of six groups of Chinese scenes hand-painted in glass. These are an early form of lantern slide, and belonged to the late Sir J.L. Myres.

Updated July 2022
A holiday photo with his wife in Greece



Described as a 'father of Cypriot archaeology' and also a Freemason.

 

In 1941, he read a paper at the GA Conference on Greece.


Updated August 2023
Some small tweaks and changes.


Thursday, 13 June 2019

1918: Sir William Mitchell Ramsay

Updated August 2021

As the First World War came towards an end, the archaeologist Sir William Mitchell Ramsay was the person in the post of GA President. 

Again, he was not a geographer at heart, but had travelled widely, and was well known within his sphere of interest. He studied at St. John 's College, Oxford (another Oxford connection being shown).

He was another part of the drive to bring in distinguished outsiders with geographic interests to strengthen the standing of the Association. He didn't have many geographical connections before or after his time as President, unlike some others who were appointed during this period.
Ramsay was an archaeologist by trade, and a New Testament Scholar. He travelled widely in the area known then as Asia Minor (and referred to these travels extensively in his Presidential Address). He wrote a large number of books on the theme of Biblical studies as well. His address touched on his travels and biblical scholarship.



His Presidential Address began with this paragraph

"The study and the proper teaching of Geography should combine two characteristics. True Geography is a science of the most practical character, with firm hold on the facts of the world around us, yet at the same time the study should be ideal in the highest degree and inspired by a strong emotional quality. These characteristics may seem inconsistent with one another, yet in Geography they are not merely consistent, they are necessary each for the other.

Geography cannot be practical unless it is ideal and emotional, and it is ideal because it is practical."


Later on in the address is this quote:

"...the true geographer is the lover of the earth. He should feel to the earth something of that exquisite and strong feeling which the son begins to feel towards his mother as he grows up and passes out of the age of careless, unintelligent, even though strong, emotion towards her, into the stage of intelligent and sympathetic comprehension of all that he has owed her from the beginning of his life to the present moment. The emotion is even stronger than before, but it is now guided by knowledge."

Towards the end of his tenure, in November 1918, the First World War came to an end.
His academic career included time at Lincoln College, University of Oxford, and he had a long and varied career which also included the University of Aberdeen. He published many journal articles.

He was one of the original members of the British Academy, was awarded the Gold Medal of Pope Leo XIII in 1893 and the Victoria Medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1906.

His death was announced in 1939 in 'Geography'

References

Wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Mitchell_Ramsay

Image: Public domain 

I have edited this page to add reference to the Geographical Association, as I will do with each Past President who has a Wikipedia page.

RAMSAY, W. M. “PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS TO THE GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION.” The Geographical Teacher, vol. 9, no. 4, 1918, pp. 175–181. JSTOR, JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/40554566.

Gifford Lectures: https://www.giffordlectures.org/lecturers/william-mitchell-ramsay
https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/ramsay/ramsay_gasque.pdf (PDF download)

If anyone knows of other geographical connections, let me know in the comments - this is quite a brief entry at the moment, as with some early Presidents who were not geographers.

Updated August 2021

Professor Norman Graves - RIP

A cross posting from my Living Geography blog.   I received sad news today from Frances Slater, via GA President Fiona Sheriff about the sad...